CW Operator

An Old CW Operator (Morse Code continuous wave) and a New CW Op were out in a fishing boat one day. The New CW Op said, “I wish I could operate CW as well as you.” Not saying a thing, The Old CW Op scratched his chin, set down his fishing pole and grabbed the New CW Op by the back of his head and pushed his face underwater outside the fishing boat, and held him there fighting for a long time. After a while, he released the New CW Op. “Why’d you do that?” the New CW Op wailed, gasping for air. The Old CW Op just leaned back and said, “When you want to learn CW as much as you wanted to breathe; then you will learn CW.”

“One does not DO Morse Code; One BECOMES a Morse Code operator. Like learning a musical instrument or a sport, Morse Code does not develop character; Morse Code reveals it.”

The straight key shown is a J-47.

The Internet of the 1950s

Ham radio đŸ–đŸ“»đŸ· Amateur radio was the internet of the 1950s… a way to communicate with people instantaneously over great distances. Here we have some equipment that would have been typical for a radio operator in the mid-1950s. There’s a number of stories about this equipment that we could tell here, and maybe we will in future posts, and the receiver at the bottom of the stack is gloriously named “Skyrider Defiant”… but for now let’s ask the question: Why is it called “ham radio”?

The answer dates back to the pre-radio wired telegraph era, when operators with poor Morse code skills were derided as “ham-fisted.” The perjorative slang carried over to early radio, when amateur operators were often less skillful at Morse code than former telegraph professionals. Eventually the term was embraced as a badge of honor by amateur radio operators, and the term lost all perjorative connotations by the mid-20th century.

Man from Marr, Radio Hat

In 1949, Victor Hoeflich, founder of a novelty manufacturing corporation, invented a radio hat. He called it “Man from Marr, Radio Hat.” During the announcement of his product, he used teenage models that were wearing the radio hats for newspapers and photographers. These photographs were published with articles in newspapers from coast to coast. The articles typically included a photo of a young girl wearing the radio hat with a story defining its feature and instructions.

How did the radio hat function?

Radio valve technology was advanced during World War II, which allowed it to work on low voltage and long-distance. While the transistor had been invented in 1947, and the battery was carried in the users’ pocket. The hat’s radio relied on vacuum tube technology, and Hoeflich made the tubes a prominent feature along with the loop aerial. He tuning knob sat between the two valves.

How it was marketed?

The radio hat was initially sold in the department stores and by mail orders. The price was $7.95 at that time. The helmet was in eight different colors, later seven more colors were added. A California service station chain sold the hats as a promotional item to customers who purchased gasoline.

Why the radio hat was failed?

Despite the massive publicity and marketing, the sales did not last for a long time. Victor Hoeflich stopped the advertisements and marketing in the early 1950s. Its failure was primarily due to technical limitations and poor performance. The signals were frequently dropping, and they could be lost at all as the user turned his or her head. Sometimes when the users were trying to tune a radio station, all they could get was an annoying squeal. In a 1956 interview, Hoeflich said the company still got orders for the hat even though it was long out of production.

What is Amateur Radio?

What is Amateur Radio?

If you were to ask a dozen different amateurs what ham radio meant to them chances are you would get 12 different answers. Radio amateurs have discovered a richly rewarding high-tech hobby that has many different appeals to different people. Whether it is the ability to talk to local friends over the radio waves using a hand-held transceiver (HT), communicating digitally with packet radio to exchange personal messages or vital information in an emergency, talking to other hams anywhere in the world, or engaging in contests with other Radio Amateurs over the airwaves there is something for everyone.

Amateurs or Hams?

Amateurs are often affectionately called hams or ham radio operators and frequently the public is more familiar with this term than with the legal term Radio Amateur. The source of the name ham is not known but it has been around almost from the beginning of amateur radio in the early 1900s. The name amateur has nothing to do with skill or knowledge but rather implies that ham radio cannot be used for commercial or revenue generating purposes. It is truly a hobby but often one that makes a difference especially in emergency or disaster situations.

Modes of Communication

Amateur radio operators generally use radio transmitters and receivers to communicate with each other. As you will discover in these pages there are many forms of communication although voice (also known as phone) is still the most widely used. Some of the other forms of transmission are Radioteletype (Rtty), Morse code (CW), television, and digital modes such as Packet, Pactor and PSK-31. A recent survey shows that phone is the most widely used with CW standing second.

Getting Licensed

To become a radio amateur, you will need to get a license. Licensing requirements are different in every country with different rules, privileges, and classes of license. Basically, different levels of license give different privileges on the ham bands. The more challenging the license requirements the more privileges that are granted and the more interesting and enjoyable ham radio becomes.

Swollen Battery

I have a battery that is swollen and won’t fit onto my radio, why?

All lithium-ion battery packs and cells swell and it is usually an indication that the battery has reached the end of its service life and needs to be replaced.  Batteries can also swell as a result of the following conditions:

  1. The battery has been exposed for an extended time to temperatures above +60C
  2. The battery has been left in a deeply discharged state for a period of time (i.e. months)

What causes the swelling?

Lithium Ion cells are self contained chemical systems that store energy.  The chemical reactions occur within the cell and are part of normal use.  These reactions are normal wear out mechanisms that result in cell swell.  This is a known and a normal occurrence in rechargeable lithium ion batteries/cells on the market today.  As batteries are continued to be used, they will continue to swell.  There are two fundamental mechanisms that occur to cause cell swelling.

  1. Gas generation – gas is created from a reaction between the internal electrolyte and the electrode.
  2. Physical growth – as a part of normal use, the electrode thickness increases over time.

Are the swollen batteries safe?

Yes, typically when a cell/battery has swollen at end of life, the battery is essentially “dead”. It’s energy has been discharged and it won’t hold a charge.

Why did some of my battery packs split open?

The battery packs split open due to a workmanship defect (poor ultrasonic weld joint) that allowed the cells to continue swelling. Normally a “good weld joint” will only allow the battery to bulge due to cell swell but not split open.

HF Packet Challenges

Amateurs have been using packet radio on the HF bands for as long as packet radio has existed. And we have been less than happy with the results for about the same length of time.

The problem is centered on the way packet radio operates. Data is packaged into individual frame, which are then sent by the transceiver using two-tone audio frequency shift keying. If even one bit is corrupted within a packet radio frame at the receiving end. the entire frame must be re-transmitted. If the signal path is marginal, several retransmissions may be required to get the information through.

At VHF and above, packet is typically sent using FM transceivers and line-of-sight links, so corruption is kept to a minimum and the data flows reasonably well. At HF, it is a whole different ballgame. Now the packet signal must compete with noise, interference, and fading. Unless the signal path between two stations is particularly stable, corrupted data can become an enormous problem. The result can be a seemingly endless round of re-transmissions, or a complete communication breakdown.